{"id":79556,"date":"2016-02-02T17:03:15","date_gmt":"2016-02-02T14:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hmak.org\/main\/?p=79556"},"modified":"2016-02-02T17:03:15","modified_gmt":"2016-02-02T14:03:15","slug":"%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-10-%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hmak.org\/main\/%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b6%d9%84-10-%d9%85%d8%ae%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%b9%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%b9%d9%84%d9%89-%d9%85%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ae\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 10 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>

\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0643:\"mailgooglecom3-150x150\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

1- \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0634\u064a (1452 – 1519 \u0645)<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0646\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645. \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0634\u063a\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 , \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a.
\n\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0643\u062a\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u201c\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u201c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0641\u0642\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u201c\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631\u201d \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0628\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0642\u0631\u064a \u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0644\u0641\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u064a .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

2- \u0625\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f (1909-1991\u0645).
\n\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0650\u0651\u0630\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1937\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u067e\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621.
\n\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1947\u0645 \u0623\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0637 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u062f \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0651 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1963\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0625\u0638\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 50 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1972\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u0651\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631\u0651 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

3-\u0628\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 ( 1706 – 1790)
\n\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0647\u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u061b \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0624\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0642 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629 <\/span>electricity<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0651\u0636 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0639\u0642 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0630\u0628\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u0631\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627.
\n\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0635\u062d\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0627. \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062b\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0631 \u0631\u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0632 \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u062a. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1775 \u06481776. \u0641\u064a \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

4- \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648 (\u0623\u0648 \u0647\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646) \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a
\n\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 2 \u0642.\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 3\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0642\u064a\u062a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0622\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062c\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

5- <\/span>Lemelson<\/span> \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u201c\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u201d (1929-1997)
\n\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1980 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0646 <\/span>Jerome Lemelson<\/span> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1997 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 500 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644 <\/span>walkman<\/span>. \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

6- \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0646\u063a\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633 (1846\u0645 \u2013 1914\u0645).
\n\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0650\u0639\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0651\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0622\u0645\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632.
\n\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062c \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0631\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639 \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u064b\u0627. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0629.
\n\u0648\u0628\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1866\u0645 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0646\u061b \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631. \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1868\u0645 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0633\u062c\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0635 \u0644\u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0640 30 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0648\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643.
\n7- \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0644 ( 1847\u20141922)
\n\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a.
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\n8- \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0646 (1847 \u2013 1931\u0645)
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\n9- \u0646\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u064a\u0633\u0644\u0627 ( 1856 – 1943)
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\n10- \u0623\u0631\u062e\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0633 (287 \u0642 \u0645 \u2013 212 \u0642 \u0645 )<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n

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\"\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0621-1-300x52\"<\/a><\/strong><\/h1>\n
<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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